You are correct in that farmers are hurt the most due to China not buying as many agricultural goods.
However, to some extent, China is footing the bill.
They have manipulated their currency and have devalued the Yuan 12 times in the last 18 months. This, in turn, keeps the price of Chinese goods coming into the U.S. stable, even with the additional tariffs. The Yuan is now at the lowest level in 11 years. The billions in tariffs collected also helps the U.S. Treasury.