Wow, that's a lot to digest.
I agree with the first part of your statement. Trying to achieve equality of outcome is ridiculous, especially without being able to control equality of effort. After that, I disagree with everything else.
I disagree with free healthcare and free college for the same reasons. Why should I have to pay for someone else's healthcare or college when I have no control over it, nor do I benefit from it? Why should the fruits of my labor be stolen to support people who have not worked for it nor who are not my responsibility?
Let's start with healthcare.
By forcing everyone to accept a one size fits all healthcare, you have taken away my right to decide for myself what kind of coverage I want, how much coverage I want, and how much I want to pay for it. You are also forcing me to pay for someone who may abuse the system, or not take care of themselves thus driving up my costs, etc.
Free College is the same issue. I receive no benefit from it. I can't control what subjects are taken nor ensure everyone is trying their hardest. With this system, we could end up with a nation of gender studies graduates because it is easier than STEM. The students and their parents no longer have any skin in the game. Besides, you think college is expensive now, what till the colleges start getting unlimited funding from the government. Look at what happened when the government starting giving out loans to everybody.
In both cases, you have removed the incentive of ensuring that both systems are meeting the needs of the people paying for it and that it is not being abused. As far as helping our children succeed, no offense, but I am not responsible for other peoples children, I am only responsible for my own. Unless you give me the power to decide who has children, how many they have, how they are raised, and what life choice they make, then I don't want to shouldn't be responsible for their life outcome.
If I decide I want to give what I have earned to others, that is my choice. I don't want the government telling me how much of my money goes to support others.
As far as a higher tax rate, why? We should be looking to reduce spending not looking for a way to increase it. I do not believe that the government knows better how to spend my money than I do. I find it ironic that for 137 years, prior to 1913, the U.S. did not have a federal income tax. We still had roads, doctors, a military, and schools, but no income tax.