1. Each sperm has either an X or a Y chromosome in it. All eggs have an X chromosome. When sperm fertilizes an egg, its X or Y chromosome combines with the X chromosome of the egg. A person with XX chromosomes usually has female sex and reproductive organs, and is therefore usually assigned biologically female.
Note: Previous studies have found behavioral differences between men and women. For example, women may have better verbal memory and social cognition, whereas men may have better motor and spatial skills, on average.
Healthy relationships involve honesty, trust, respect and open communication between partners and they take effort and compromise from both people. There is no imbalance of power. Partners respect each other's independence, can make their own decisions without fear of retribution or retaliation, and share decisions.
2. Anatomy and physiology are two of the most basic terms and areas of study in the life sciences. Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures.
Research suggests students find physiology content more difficult to learn than anatomy (14, 22), but few studies have investigated the drivers behind student difficulty when learning physiology.