Many illnesses have complaints of "chills". Influenza, "cold", pneumonia, strep throat, kidney infections...
The immune system raises the core temp of the body to fight infections inducing the chills or feelings of cold.
AC doesnt induce "colds". It's coming in contact with 1(or more) of 200 viruses that you have no immunity to or with a weakened immune system. Prolonged exposure with cold temps can induce ailments or reduce immune systems, but normal AC by itself won't do it.