The 5.56 is the preferred combat round As it wounds more often than kills, meaning the "foe" has more people out of action with medic, stretcher carriers, etc. but if the distance is right, the 7.62 will drop the enemy every time. As the range increases so does the difference between the two cartridges. ... The 5.56 NATO rounds lose between 40-50″ while the 7.62×39 rounds drop 90-100″. This is a significant bullet drop for both rounds, but the 7.62×39 is much more pronounced and will be a major factor in applications for these two cartridges.
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