There is a big chance a Dutch can understand you if you speak German clearly and slowly and vice versa. Especially when people live close to the German-Dutch border, where the local accents are heavily influenced by the "other language".
For simple things, as asking where the supermarket is, or a quick "hello" even, it will do. When it comes to a serious conversation about stuff like science, politics, religion, psychology, and so on, then you'll find out that merely speaking German with a Dutch accent (or vice versa) or even trying to use literal translations from one language to the other will really get people to think you've gone nuts, as you will soon find out how great the differences between the two languages are.
What doesn't help when you try to learn Dutch is that most Dutch are fluent in the English language, although a lot have a terrible accent and make a few grammar errors in their speech, you will mostly understand them and if you speak Dutchified German, I think you will very soon get the question "Do you speak English?" from them. And there are less Dutch people fluent in the language, but German is educated at Dutch schools, and due to that a lot of them have basic knowledge of the German language at least (Ich spreche auch ein bisschen deutsch), and some of them are even fluent in the language and will respond in German if you speak Dutchified German thinking you are German. When you are a waiter in a Dutch pub or restaurant near the coast, you are even obligated to be fluent in German as a lot of German tourists pack the place every year. Much to the chagrin of Dutch guests of those pubs and restaurants they will even start speaking to you in German in stead of Dutch due to this. (It's not really about hating Germans, but rather being spoken to in a foreign language by countrymen in your own country... I guess you understand why the Dutch hate that).
Long story short, in simple conversations, such as a quick hello or asking the way, it may work. but in more complex conversations, definitely not. The two languages are too different for that.