I actually do need a bit of advice right now (see comments)

I'm no medical person myself, but I think your fingers will heal over time.. Ouch, though! =I

So I was playing soccer today as a goalkeeper, and I tried to block a shot. Rather than blocking the ball, it went straight through my fingers and bended them back. My fingers hurt whenever I move them now. Does anyone know the name of this injury/how to treat it?

Sounds like either dislocated or sprained. Best to check with your family doctor. Until you can see him, or get into an urgent care clinic, pack them in ice, take a couple aspirin or other OTC pain reliever.

Sounds like you hyper-extended them, probably just strained. If they aren't bruised I doubt you sprained them. Which knuckles hurt and how many fingers per hand?

Coming from a ju-jitsu guy there's not a ton you can do. If it's individual fingers and not the bottom knuckle you could try splinting them.

As long as nothing looks deformed or discolored, if it was me, I'd just tough it out for a few days. Icing and aspirin/ibuprofen can also help with any swelling and be a minor pain relief.

Just the middle three, but the index finger the most. I've been wrapping the joints in medical tape for the past two days, the pain has gone down now ;)

Definitely sounds like you just hyper-extended them. You could splint it with your ring finger, but that won't really help it heal faster. Just try to keep from bending it as much as possible. If anything, it gives you an excuse to flip people off! Lol