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The origins of policing can be traced back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Israel, and to slave patrols in colonial America.
Ancient policing
Egypt
The first policing organization was established in Egypt around 3000 BCE. The pharaoh appointed an official for each administrative jurisdiction to be responsible for security and justice.
Greece
Magistrates were responsible for policing in the city-states of ancient Greece.
Israel and Judah
Officials were responsible for making declarations to the people, guarding the king, and supervising public works.
Colonial American policing
Slave patrols
The first unofficial police in America were slave patrols, which were created in the early 1700s in the Carolinas. Their mission was to capture runaway slaves and return them to their owners.
Constables
The first appointed law enforcement officers in colonial America. They often organized and supervised the watch.
Modern policing
England
The idea of a public civil police force originated in England in the 18th century. The police were created to protect industrial centers from riots, disorders, and crime.
United States
The first state police agency in the United States was the Pennsylvania State Police, established in 1905.
The Origins of Modern Day Policing - NAACP
The origins of modern-day policing can be traced back to the "Slave Patrol." The earliest formal slave patrol was created in the C...
NAACP
Police - Wikipedia
In ancient Israel and Judah, officials with the responsibility of making declarations to the people, guarding the king's person, s...
Wikipedia
Did American Police Originate from Slave Patrols? by Timothy Hsiao
Critics of American policing often make the claim that it is a direct descendant of antebellum slave patrols, the mostly voluntary...
National Association of Scholars
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