BRILLIANT !
For use of your example... simply say one of your 400 billionaires, let's name JANE,
earns 1 billion dollars,
and pays your 8.2% income tax...
$8.2 Million taxes annually paid by Jane.
...and say her business manager, she hires 10 people at an average annual pay akin to a Fire Chief/School Principal or administrator wage,
roughly $100,000 each annually, at your 13% tax rate lamented, and so they each pay $13,000.
Multiply that by 10 and those Average American people pay $130,000 in income tax.
Jane pays her employees wages, and her employees pay their taxes.
Jane fairly pays $8.070,000 more in taxes than all ten of these employees combined.
She also produces Goods & Services which allow her to gainfully and happily employ
10 average American Taxpayers (and then some) whom are able to pay their taxes because Jane gainfully employs them. Is Janes contribution to society limited to her $8.2 Million in taxes annually, or is she actually responsible for $8.2M plus creating an additional $130, 000 for Government coffers by directly providing employment for 10 people too?
Where you're wrong, comrade, and also where Bernie is wrong,
is claiming Jane doesn't pay her fair share.
She creates wealth for herself, her employees, and The State. She pays several times over, and is a wealth producer, whereas the government is a wealth consumer.
What's interesting is that income taxes in the USA have only been collected, since 1913, and that the U.S. Supreme Court found such collecting initially unconstitutional.
Imagine Reconstruction era, where zero income taxes were paid by owners of Western Union, RailRoads, and Steel Mills during the 3rd Industrial Revolution.borers paid none either... nor farmers, nor shopkeepers.
Effectively everyone fairly paid an equal amount of income tax.
Add that all up and each equally paid ZERO