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Thomas Jefferson, Calvin Coolidge and Theodore Roosevelt did not use a Bible in their oath-taking ceremonies; John Quincy Adams swore on a book of law with the intention that he was swearing on the constitution; Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in at his first inauguration on a Roman Catholic missal on Air Force One, believing it was a Bible, in the immediate aftermath of the assassination of John F. Kennedy; he swore in on a Bible at his second inauguration; Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump each swore the oath on two Bibles; The large leather-bound Bible used by President Joe Biden has been in the Biden family since 1893
