I would hope not. That came later, along with labor laws, womens' suffrage and the abolition of slavery. They're not for everyone, I admit, which is probably why we make new laws.
Yes... all those things you mention were not to create Protected classes... they were to specifically affirm equal rights for those classes... it really was there all along... just some dense people needed to be spoon-fed...
That reads to me that protected classes have existed all along, but their equal rights need to be explicitly affirmed because some people are so dense they need to be spoon-fed. Makes sense--if people weren't so fxcking dense, we wouldn't need many laws in the first place.