And at the heart of all this (well, economic inequality would need more explanation) is the fact that under capitalism, the means of production, the stuff that produces the things that everyone needs to survive, are controlled privately by people (specifically, capitalists) who are unelected to control them, and have dictatorial powers. When the stuff all of society relies on is controlled privately, the people who own them have just about unlimited control over society. That is not democracy. For there to be democracy, you can't just have a somewhat democratic political system; the economy needs to be democratic too, under the control of the workers.
This comment is probably going to be most helpful for social democrats, who pretty much understand all the problems you list exist, but think we can reform capitalism enough so that we can solve those problems.