Yes he did.
In the qualifying event for the Running Long Jump event, while Hitler watched from the sideline, the Nazi judges gave Owens a "foul" for running "past the jump line" on his first two attempts so the German athlete, Luz Long, told Owens to jump from 12 inches before he got to the line. Luz Long jumped right before Owens and was holding his sweatshirt while running towards the line and dropped it about 12 inches before he reached the line. That made everyone's eyes pay closer attention to the line when Owens took his 3rd and final jump.
When Luz Long made his 3rd jump he fell backwards into his butt, making his jump measure around 12 inches shorter. Owen's 3rd jump was then a further distance than Long's and there was no way the judges could say that Owens "fouled".
Jesse Owens went on to win the Long Jump event as well as three (3) other Gold Medals in the 1936 Olympics.
Needless to say Hitler was REALLY pissed.
Long and Owens remained friends from then on. A final letter Long wrote to Jesse Owens reads, in part, "Someday find my son ... tell him about how things CAN be between men on this Earth."
Luz Long was killed in 1943 while fighting for Germany in WWII.