The Germans didn't really fail Operation Barbarossa because of the winter. Here are some factors that they failed:
The operation kept switching objectives when it should not have. The Germans focused on Moscow at the beginning of the war but later the leader wanted to secure Ukraine first before Moscow. Also,
The German bombers, though effective at the Blitzkrieg, should have also attacked Soviet transport lines like Railways and Roads. That would slow down the Soviet retreat that would lead to more casualties for the Red Army and Soviet supply lines would be disturbed resulting in the Soviet supplies being slowed down.
The Soviets used a combination of total-war mobilization, better fighting methods and high operational skills that defeated a German army that in 1944 was a formidable, heavily armed and modern fighting force. The Soviets outnumbered the Germans mostly during the war.
The Germans didn't have enough winter equipment to keep them warm. They also had little oil to fuel their war machine that's why they tried to take the oil fields in the Caucasus. Their forces also became overstretched and so is their supply lines, and the Germans mostly transported their supplies through horses. While the Soviets were supplied by the Allies through Iran with tanks, weaponry, and more that made the Germans attack Stalingrad to cut off the Soviet's supply lines.
The Soviets halted the German advance at Kursk and ended the German advance which resulted in a defensive warfare of the Axis Powers against the Soviet counteroffensives. There were more factors the Germans failed but I'm too lazy to find them. The winter contributed little on the failure of the Axis Powers to invade the USSR.
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