A long history? Do us all a favor and go read any book on this subject please.
By "smart people" I assume you mean William Tecumseh Sherman, (a Republican if you didn't already know) because he made that order in 1865.
It was to be NO MORE than 40 acres of the land they had previously worked as a slave before being freed, IF they wanted to stay and try running a plot of land on their own. The mules were to be LENT by the army to help with all of the farmwork.
They actually did get around to doing it, and many freed slaves that took initiative gained land all across the lower east coast, and continued to do so until a bit after Lincoln was assassinated. Andrew Johnson (a Democrat, of course) reversed these orders along with the Freedmens Bureau Bills and others.
Blacks did not get "shut out" of land giveaways such as the Homestead Act, they simply did not qualify. At that point in time they were not citizens, they were considered freedmen. In 1868 and 1870 the 14th and 15th amendments gave freedmen citizenship and the right to vote, giving access to federal programs.
If you would like to talk about free land being given away, let's remember that by 1860 thousands of black Americans were settled by their own choice in Liberia by the American Colonization Society, which was a bi-partisan group.
While this project was overall a massive failure, it can show us something. Even a majority of first generation former slaves (living in an actually racist world of the 1800s, who literally wore chains, and got beaten over nothing) STILL seen past the horrible sin that brought them here and chose to stay and fight for a better life.
Millions of living human beings (of all colors, and even worst of all ages) are still enslaved today all over the world. Being an American and knowing freedom makes you the most privileged of our race. And by that I mean the HUMAN RACE!
Please dont feed into this victim mentality. We should be so proud of our history! Not because of 300 years of slavery but because we had the moral obligation to stop it, and we succeeded. We owe a debt to no one. If anything we as individuals owe our country our lives!
Tl;dr - Our govt. (mostly republican) has done more for African Americans than any other in the world. It's time to come together and stop acting like entitled children. Please remember that this isn't what any of our ancestors died for, at all.