So, to take this to the extreme, if the Italian government had done nothing at all when things started to go south and instead of there being tens of thousands of deaths there were tens of millions, those deaths would be SOLELY China’s fault?
No, of course not. While no government is responsible for the independent actions of another, every government is responsible for its own response. If that response is insufficient, the government that chose it is responsible for that choice and every life that was needlessly lost as a result of it. That is the weight of governance; actions (or the lack thereof) have consequences, and a government should be held accountable for those consequences.
China did not contain this. Every needless death falls on them. However, as soon as the virus crosses the border into another nation, that nation’s leaders have a responsibility to protect their people. If they do not, those leaders also bear responsibility for any needless deaths within their borders.
This does not lessen the responsibility China bears for unleashing this thing.