If you look at it in terms of how long those cultures were around, those faiths about as long as the ones that are currently still being practiced.
The greeks and egyptian empires were 3000-4000 years ago and those societies thrived for thousands of years before that. That also includes other empires at the time like Sumaria and Babylon.
The Roman empire and their polytheism was in decline around the time that Christianity began it's rise. The central and south American cultures like the Mayans and the Aztecs didn't really begin their decline until European Christians came over.
Christianity as a faith has only really been around - if we're talking new testament teachings if Jesus type stuff - for a little more than 2000 years. Judaism a little bit longer than that (old testament); Jesus was jewish. Islam dates to around the time of the death of Jesus (again about 2000 years)
Buddhism is probably the oldest widely practiced faith; that dates back to around 4th-6th century BCE. Buddhism as a faith really centers on the self and overcoming physical suffering to find mental happiness
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