Not impossible, but not likely.
Part of this theory hinges on the fact that Doofensmirtz went on a date with Linda ONCE, Clearly in the 80s. The show appears to take place in the mid 2000s, so for Phineas to be the result of this date, phineas would have to be around 15 or older. (This does mean Candace could be his daughter though, but I don't think that's the case either). It doesn't seem the date went well anyhow. It is unlikely they had much more history together as when Major Monogram and Doffensmirtz are fighting the Flynn Fletcher robots, Doffensmirtz comments "I think I dated that one once, but I did not know she was a robot at the time."