They show up. Usually after someone has triggered a group of people, or one person with many alts. The victim will go to reply to a comment and be told that they have a longer period of time to wait until their comment reputation improves. Depending on the situation, it can often be rectified within a few hours. A quick feedback form often will take care of it, PROVIDING the victim wasn't a total twatwaffle in his comments. Aggressive or argumentive writing tone, excessive profanity, direct attacks on another user, and any threat of violence can prevent the person from being able to comment often. First time I got stung by it I wasn't able to post for two hours between posts. As I was able to pin down the perp, I sent a feedback form about it, and my account was restored quickly.
It appears now, though, that some people that were overusing this trolling method have suddenly had the tables turned on them.