What's this election about, and what's the connection between concentrated political power and economic power?
Some brief history: The argument voiced in the late 19th century over alleged “freedom of contract” was that any deal between employees and workers was perfectly fine if both sides voluntarily agreed to it. So workers were worth no more than the wages they could command in the labor market. And it was fine if they toiled 12 hour days in sweatshops for lack of any better alternative; they had “voluntarily” agreed to those conditions. It was an era of great wealth for a few and squalor for many. And of corruption, as the lackeys of robber barons deposited sacks of cash on the desks of pliant legislators.
Eventually, after decades of labor strife and political tumult, the 20th century brought an understanding that capitalism requires minimum standards of decency and fairness—workplace safety, a minimum wage, maximum hours (and time-and-a-half for overtime) and a ban on child labor. We also learned that capitalism needs a fair balance of power between big corporations and workers -- which we achieved through antitrust laws that reduced the capacity of giant corporations to impose their will, and labor laws that allowed workers to organize and bargain collectively. By the 1950s, when 35 percent of private sector workers in the United States belonged to a union, they were able to negotiate higher wages and better working conditions than employers would otherwise have voluntarily provided. During the 30 years after the end of World War II, as the economy doubled in size, so did the wages of most Americans -- accompanied by improved hours and working conditions.
But America is now heading back to the 19th century. Corporations are shifting full-time work onto temps, freelancers and contract workers who fall outside the labor protections established decades ago. Meanwhile, the nation’s biggest corporations and Wall Street banks are larger and more potent than ever. And union membership has shrunk to fewer than 7 percent of private sector workers. So it's not surprising we're once again hearing that workers are worth no more than what they can get in the market. Although the economy has grown considerably since 2000, the wages of most Americans have stagnated or declined, and their benefits and working conditions have deteriorated.
(Con't)