CDU: Centrist-conservative/moderate conservative party. Also the most popular party among boomers, and the party that the current chancellor is from.
SPD: Moderate left party. Not too left though, so they sometimes collaborate with the CDU (it doesn’t work very well most of the time)
FDP: Party with both liberal and conservative elements. More liberal though. Both the CDU and the SPD collaborate with the FDP if they don’t reach 50% by themselves.
Die Grüne: Used to be a party focused on environment protection, now they’re like the democrats but a bit more right-leaning.
Die Linke: Liberal af, borderline socialist/communist. All the blue haired xe/xems elect them.
BSW: The newest big party. It was founded when Sarah Wagenknecht left Die Linke, and they combine socialism with pacifism. Basically the ones who would use the „apologize to each other and stop fighting“ strategy on countries that hate each other‘s guts (spoiler: it won’t work).
AfD: The most controversial big party. Like the republicans, but even more right wing. To be exact, so right wing that they have been declared right extremist by Germany‘s highest court. Some of their politicians did things such as neglecting proven facts, calling a monument dedicated to the murdered Jews of WW2 a „monument of shame“, being hateful against pretty much all minorities, and saying literal Nazi paroles.