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The Holocaust was the systematic, state-sponsored persecution and annihilation of approximately six million European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Driven by radical antisemitic ideology, the Nazis targeted Jews as an existential threat, later expanding murder operations to Roma, people with disabilities, Poles, Soviet prisoners of war, and others.
Key Aspects of the Holocaust:
Perpetrators: Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazi regime utilized the SS, police units, and local collaborators across occupied Europe.
The "Final Solution": The official policy, formalized in 1942, aimed at the total extermination of the Jewish people through mass shootings (Einsatzgruppen) and extermination camps (e.g., Auschwitz, Treblinka).
Methodology: Jews were stripped of rights, forced into overcrowded ghettos, utilized for forced labor, and eventually deported to killing centers to be murdered in gas chambers.
Victims: Besides the 6 million Jews, the Nazis murdered millions of others, including over 250,000 Roma, up to 3 million Soviet POWs, and people with disabilities.
Timeline: While persecution began in 1933, mass extermination escalated with World War II (1939–1945).
The Holocaust resulted in the destruction of centuries-old Jewish communities across Europe and is a major historical example of genocide.
