High Casualties & Initial Failures: The Red Army suffered devastating losses in the early war, partly due to Stalin's purges of officers and poor planning, yet they rebuilt and continued fighting, inflicting the majority of German casualties.
Stalin's Brutality: The regime itself used terror and enforced extreme discipline, with severe punishments for soldiers, blurring lines between fighting for survival and political objectives.
Widespread Atrocities: As the Red Army pushed west, soldiers committed widespread crimes, including rape, looting, and summary executions, often as retribution for German atrocities, but also as systematic violence.
Ideology vs. Reality: While fighting fascism, the Red Army also represented a communist ideology that imposed new forms of oppression in occupied territories, leading to fear and hatred among local populations.