kaioken puts stress on goku's body, making the technique dangerous to use on high multipliers
super saiyan doesn't have those problems, except for energy drain but goku got around it anyway
Kaioken has a serious risk on the physical body. Goku could barely handle Kaioken times 20 during the Namek fight. While Super Saiyan (unperfected) does have some notable energy drain, it isn’t half the risk of Kaioken.