Commonly Used Punctuation
Period (.): Marks the end of a declarative sentence or indicates abbreviations (e.g., "Dr.").
Comma (,): Separates items in a list, clauses in a sentence, or adds pauses (e.g., "I bought apples, bananas, and oranges").
Question Mark (?): Indicates a direct question.
Exclamation Mark (!): Expresses strong emotion, emphasis, or surprise.
Colon (:): Introduces lists, explanations, or emphasizes a point (e.g., "Here's the plan: act fast").
Semicolon (;): Links closely related independent clauses or separates complex list items.
Apostrophe ('): Shows possession or contractions (e.g., "John's book," "can't").
Quotation Marks (“ ”): Encloses direct speech or quotations (e.g., "He said, 'Hello.'").
Parentheses ( ): Adds additional information or an aside (e.g., "He won (surprisingly) in the first round").
Hyphen (-): Joins compound words (e.g., "well-known") or splits words at line breaks.
Lesser-Used Punctuation
En Dash (–): Indicates ranges or relationships (e.g., "1990–2000," "New York–Boston route").
Em Dash (—): Replaces commas, colons, or parentheses for emphasis or interruption (e.g., "He was late—again!").
Ellipsis (…): Shows omitted text, pauses, or unfinished thoughts (e.g., "Well... maybe").
Brackets [ ]: Adds editorial or explanatory information (e.g., "She [the author] was present").
Slash (/): Indicates alternatives, fractions, or connections (e.g., "and/or," "1/2").
Asterisk (): Used for footnotes or emphasis (e.g., "Terms apply").
Underscore (_): Often used in digital contexts like filenames (e.g., "my_file").
Caret (^): Rarely used outside editing or math to indicate an insertion.
Rare or Context-Specific Punctuation
Interrobang (‽): Combines a question mark and exclamation mark to express disbelief or excitement (e.g., "You did what‽").
Bullet (•): Used for lists or emphasis in formatting.
Tilde (~): Represents approximation or negation in some contexts (e.g., "around ~50 miles").
Vertical Bar (|): Used in computing or logic to separate elements (e.g., "true | false").
Backslash (\): Used in coding, escape sequences, or file paths (e.g., "C:\Documents").
Grave Accent (`): Mainly used in programming or for certain diacritics.
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