This is probably not the best description but it’s basically a type of autism+high IQ combo. Apparently some people with Aspergers can see you drop some toothpicks and tell you exactly how many there are in the pile or something like that. Monk will remember things that nobody else would. Random information he probably heard once years ago and still remembers. And he notices things nobody else sees. A death in a hotel room is thought to be a pill suicide, but Monk says it was murder, where’s the glass of water to swallow the pill with?