Of mixed Russian and French heritage, Trubnikova was orphaned at an early age and subsequently raised by a wealthy relative. She married at 19; she and her husband, Konstantin, had seven children. In adulthood, Trubnikova hosted a women-only salon in Saint Petersburg which became a center of feminist activism. She also maintained international connections to fellow feminists in England, France, and other countries. Alongside Anna Filosofova and Nadezhda Stasova, whom she mentored, Trubnikova was one of the earliest leaders of the Russian women's movement.
Together, the three friends and allies were referred to as the "triumvirate". They founded and led several organizations designed to promote women's cultural and economic independence, including a publishing cooperative. Subsequently, they successfully pushed government officials to allow higher education for women, although continuing opposition meant that their successes were sometimes limited or reversed. In later life, Trubnikova experienced severe illness and personal difficulties; she died in 1897. Ivasheva was born on 6 January 1835 in Chita, a city in the Far East of the Russian Empire.[1]She was the second of four children.[1][2] Her father, Vasily Ivashev [ru], had been a participant in the Decembrist Revolt ten years earlier, and had consequently been exiled to Siberia.[3] Ivasheva's mother, Camille LeDentu [ru] (alternately "LeDantieux"), was of French descent.[4] Both her parents died when she was very young: her father in 1839, her mother, in childbirth, the following year.[1][3]
Subsequently, Ivasheva was raised by a wealthier aunt, the Princess Ekaterina Khovanskaia.[1][a] She received a high-quality education (by the standards of the time) from private tutors.[2][3] At age 19, in 1854, she married Konstantin Trubnikov, a landowner and government official, and took his name (in feminine form, Trubnikova).[1][4] Trubnikov's liberalism appealed to Trubnikova.[1] He wooed her by "reading [her] passages of Herzen", a Russian radical writer.[2] She and Trubnikov had seven children (including Olga [ru])—although only four, all daughters, survived to adulthood.[3] Trubnikov, using Trubnikova's inheritance from her aunt for funding, became a stock trader and founded a newspaper, Birzhevyie Vedomosti.[1][4]
In the early years of her marriage, Trubnikova was frequently pregnant and confined to the home, but took the opportunity to read widely and self-educate. She was influenced by French writers s
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