The riptide enchantment literally removes the ability to throw the trident, making it part of throwing. Throwing axes would be a bit too op, considering how easy it is to craft them. Also I've thrown axes irl, and you can't just yeet an axe used to chop wood, you need a specialised throwing axe, and most of the time they're barely sharp enough to stick into wood, let alone do any damage.
Crossbows have unique enchantments, and are a lot more expensive to craft or obtain then bows. You can craft an axe with a single tree.