Sexual desire
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sexual desire is an emotion[1][2] and motivational state characterized by an interest in sexual objects or activities, or by a drive to seek out sexual objects or to engage in sexual activities.[3] It is an aspect of sexuality, which varies significantly from one person to another and also fluctuates depending on circumstances.
It may be the single most common sexual event in human life.[3]
Sexual desire is a subjective feeling state that can be triggered by both internal and external cues, and that may or may not result in overt sexual behaviour.[4] Desire can be aroused through imagination and sexual fantasies, or by perceiving an individual whom one finds attractive.[5] It is also created and amplified through sexual tension, which is caused by sexual desire that has yet to be acted on. Physical manifestations of sexual desire in humans include licking, sucking, tongue protrusion, and puckering and touching the lips.[6]
Desire can be spontaneous or responsive,[7] positive or negative, and can vary in intensity along a spectrum.
Theoretical perspectives
Theorists and researchers employ two frameworks in their understanding of human sexual desire. The first is a biological framework, also known as sex drive (or libido), in which sexual desire comes from an innate motivational force like an instinct, drive, need, urge, wish, or want.[8] The second is a sociocultural theory in which desire is conceptualized as one factor in a much larger context (e.g., relationships nested within societies, nested within cultures).[9][10]
Biological framework
The biological approach views sexual drives as similar to other physical drives, such as hunger. An individual will seek out food—or, in the case of desire, pleasure—in order to reduce or avoid pain.[8] Sex drive can be thought of as a biological need or craving that inspires individuals to seek out and become receptive to sexual experiences and sexual pleasure.[11] Incentive motivation theory exists under this framework and states that the strength of motivation toward sexual activity depends on the strength or immediacy of the stimuli. If satiety is achieved, the strength of the incentive will increase in the future.[5]
Sex drive is strongly tied to biological factors such as "chromosomal and hormonal status, nutritional status, age, and general health".[9] Sexual desire is the first of four phases of the human sexual