A variable is a placeholder for a number or if you do not have a specific number.
Example: May goes to a store to buy bread. If m is the amount of money she has, and each piece of bread is $2, then she would buy as much bread that her money allows.
This makes the expression m/2, but if May wanted to buy 5 pieces of bread, it would turn into an equation, where it would be m/2 = 5. To solve this, work backwards to leave m by itself.
Example: Multiplying both sides by 2 would keep it balanced, in that case the equation would become 2 * (m/2) = 5 * 2. Simplyfying this gives m = 10, which is how much money May needs to buy 5 pieces of bread.
This is the easiest version of variables, so if you don't understand this, you're screwed.