Rocks

metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary

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Adakite – Class of intermediate to felsic volcanic rocks containing low amounts of yttrium and ytterbium
Andesite – Intermediate volcanic rock
Alkali feldspar granite – Granitoid in which at least 90% of the total feldspar is alkali feldspar
Anorthosite – Mafic intrusive igneous rock composed predominantly of plagioclase
Aplite – Fine-grained intrusive igneous rock type similar to granite
Basalt – Magnesium- and iron-rich extrusive igneous rock
ʻAʻā – Basaltic lava with a crumpled appearance
Pāhoehoe – Basaltic lava with a flowing, often ropy appearance
Basaltic trachyandesite
Mugearite – Oligoclase-bearing basalt, comprising olivine, apatite, and opaque oxides
Shoshonite – Potassium-rich variety of basaltic trachyandesite
Basanite – A silica-undersaturated basalt
Blairmorite – Rare porphyritic volcanic rock
Boninite – Ultramafic extrusive rock high in both magnesium and silica
Carbonatite – Igneous rock with more than 50% carbonate minerals
Charnockite – Type of granite containing orthopyroxene
Enderbite – Igneous rock of the charnockite series
Dacite – Volcanic rock intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite
Diabase, also known as dolerite – An intrusive mafic rock forming dykes or sills
Diorite – Intermediate intrusive igneous rock composed principally of plagioclase feldspar
Napoleonite, also known as corsite – Variety of diorite with orbicular structure
Dunite – Ultramafic and ultrabasic rock from Earth's mantle which is made of the mineral olivine
Essexite – Dark gray or black holocrystalline plutonic rock
Foidolite – Rare coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock in which more than 60% of light-coloured minerals are feldspathoids
Gabbro – Coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock
Granite – common type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock with granular structure
Granodiorite – A phaneritic-textured intrusive igneous rock similar to granite
Granophyre – Subvolcanic rock that contains quartz and alkali feldspar in characteristic angular intergrowths
Harzburgite – Ultramafic and ultrabasic mantle rock. Found in ophiolites.
Hornblendite – Plutonic rock consisting mainly of the amphibole hornblende
Hyaloclastite – Volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia
Icelandite – Iron rich, aluminium poor andesite
Ignimbrite – Variety of hardened tuff
Ijolite – Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite
Kimberlite – Igneous rock which sometimes contains diamonds
Komatiite – Ultramafic mantle-derived volcanic rock
Lamproite – Ultrapotassic mantle-deri

Argillite – Sedimentary rock, mostly of indurated clay particles
Arkose – Type of sandstone containing at least 25% feldspar
Banded iron formation – Distinctive layered units of iron-rich sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age
Breccia – Rock composed of broken fragments cemented by a matrix
Calcarenite – Type of limestone that is composed predominantly of sand-size grains
Chalk – Soft, white, porous sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate
Chert – Hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of cryptocrystalline silica
Claystone – Clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles
Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
Conglomerate – Coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock with mainly rounded to subangular clasts
Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells
Diamictite – Lithified sedimentary rock of non- to poorly sorted terrigenous sediment in a matrix of mudstone or sandstone
Diatomite – Soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled
Dolomite (rock), also known as Dolostone – Sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite
Evaporite – Water-soluble mineral deposit formed by evaporation from an aqueous solution
Flint – Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz
Geyserite – Form of opaline silica that is often found around hot springs and geysers
Greywacke – A hard, dark sandstone with poorly sorted angular grains in a compact, clay-fine matrix
Gritstone – A hard, coarse-grained, siliceous sandstone
Itacolumite – A porous, yellow sandstone that is flexible when cut into thin strips
Jaspillite – Banded mixture of hematite and quartz
Laterite – Product of rock weathering in wet tropical climate rich in iron and aluminium
Lignite – Soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock
Limestone – Sedimentary rocks made of calcium carbonate
Marl – Lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt
Mudstone – Fine grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds
Oil shale – Organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen
Oolite – Sedimentary rock formed from ooids
Phosphorite – A non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals
Sandstone – Type of sedimentary rock
Shale – Fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock
Siltstone – Sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range
Sylvinite – A sedimentary rock made of a mechanical mixture of sy

Anthracite – Hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster
Amphibolite – A metamorphic rock containing mainly amphibole and plagioclase
Blueschist – Metavolcanic rock that forms by the metamorphism of basalt and rocks with similar composition
Cataclasite – A rock formed by faulting
Eclogite – A dense metamorphic rock formed under high pressure
Gneiss – Common high-grade metamorphic rock
Granulite – Class of high-grade medium to coarse grained metamorphic rocks
Greenschist – Metamorphic rocks – A mafic metamorphic rock dominated by green amphiboles
Hornfels
Calcflinta – A type of hornfels found in the Scottish Highlands
Litchfieldite – Nepheline syenite gneiss
Marble – Non-foliated, metamorphic rock, commonly used for sculpture and as a building material – a metamorphosed limestone
Migmatite – Mixture of metamorphic rock and igneous rock
Mylonite – Metamorphic rock – A metamorphic rock formed by shearing
Metapelite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of clay-rich (siltstone) sedimentary rock
Metapsammite – A metamorphic rock with a protolith of quartz-rich (sandstone) sedimentary rock
Phyllite – Type of foliated metamorphic rock – A low grade metamorphic rock composed mostly of micaceous minerals
Pseudotachylite – A glass formed by melting within a fault via friction
Quartzite – Hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone – A metamorphosed sandstone typically composed of >95% quartz
Schist – A medium-grained metamorphic rock with lamellar texture
Serpentinite – Rock formed by hydration and metamorphic transformation of olivine
Skarn – Hard, coarse-grained, hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks
Slate – Metamorphic rock - A low grade metamorphic rock formed from shale or silts
Suevite – Rock consisting partly of melted material formed during an impact event – A rock formed by partial melting during a meteorite impact
Talc carbonate – A metamorphosed ultramafic rock with talc as an essential constituent; similar to a serpentinite
Soapstone – Talc-bearing metamorphic rock – Essentially a talc schist
Tectonite – A rock whose fabric reflects the history of its deformation
Whiteschist – A high pressure metamorphic rock containing talc and kyanite

Adamellite – A variety of quartz monzonite
Appinite – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
Aphanite – Igneous rock composed of very small crystals invisible to the naked eye
Borolanite – Variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
Blue Granite – Variety of monzonite, an igneous rock
Epidosite – Hydrothermally altered epidote- and quartz-bearing rock
Felsite – Very fine grained felsic volcanic rock that may or may not contain larger crystals
Flint – Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz
Ganister – Hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone, or orthoquartzite
Gossan – Intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock
Hyaloclastite – Volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia
Ijolite – Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite
Jadeitite – Metamorphic rock found in blueschist-grade metamorphic terranes
Jasperoid – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
Kenyte – Variety of porphyritic phonolite or trachyte with rhomb shaped phenocrysts of anorthoclase with variable olivine and augite in a glassy matrix - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
Lapis lazuli – Contact metamorphic rock containing lazurite, pyrite and calcite - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
Larvikite – Variety of monzonite, an igneous rock
Litchfieldite – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
Llanite – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
Luxullianite – Rare type of granite
Mangerite – Plutonic intrusive igneous rock, that is essentially a hypersthene-bearing monzonite
Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
Novaculite – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
Pietersite – Breccia rock of hawk's eyes and tiger's eyes
Pyrolite – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle
Rapakivi granite – Hornblende-biotite granite containing large round crystals of orthoclase each with a rim of oligoclase
Rhomb porphyry – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
Rodingite – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
Shonkinite – Intrusive igneous rock – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
Taconite – Iron-bearing sedimentary rock, in which the iron minerals are interlayered with quartz, chert, or carbonate
Tachylite – Form of basaltic volcanic glass
Teschenite – A silica undersaturated, analcim

Adamellite – A variety of quartz monzonite
Appinite – A group of varieties of lamprophyre, mostly rich in hornblende
Aphanite – Igneous rock composed of very small crystals invisible to the naked eye
Borolanite – Variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland – A variety of nepheline syenite from Loch Borralan, Scotland
Blue Granite – Variety of monzonite, an igneous rock
Epidosite – Hydrothermally altered epidote- and quartz-bearing rock
Felsite – Very fine grained felsic volcanic rock that may or may not contain larger crystals
Flint – Cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz
Ganister – Hard, fine-grained quartzose sandstone, or orthoquartzite
Gossan – Intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock
Hyaloclastite – Volcaniclastic accumulation or breccia
Ijolite – Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite
Jadeitite – Metamorphic rock found in blueschist-grade metamorphic terranes
Jasperoid – A hematite-silica metasomatite analogous to a skarn
Kenyte – Variety of porphyritic phonolite or trachyte with rhomb shaped phenocrysts of anorthoclase with variable olivine and augite in a glassy matrix - A variety of phonolite, first found on Mount Kenya
Lapis lazuli – Contact metamorphic rock containing lazurite, pyrite and calcite - A rock composed of lazurite and other minerals
Larvikite – Variety of monzonite, an igneous rock
Litchfieldite – A metamorphosed nepheline syenite occurrence near Litchfield, Maine
Llanite – A hypabyssal rhyolite with microcline and blue quartz phenocrysts from the Llano Uplift in Texas
Luxullianite – Rare type of granite
Mangerite – Plutonic intrusive igneous rock, that is essentially a hypersthene-bearing monzonite
Minette – A variety of lamprophyre
Novaculite – A type of chert found in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas
Pietersite – Breccia rock of hawk's eyes and tiger's eyes
Pyrolite – A chemical analogue considered to theoretically represent the earth's upper mantle
Rapakivi granite – Hornblende-biotite granite containing large round crystals of orthoclase each with a rim of oligoclase
Rhomb porphyry – A type of latite with euhedral rhombic phenocrysts of feldspar
Rodingite – A mafic rock metasomatized by serpentinization fluids
Shonkinite – Intrusive igneous rock – melitilic and kalsititic rocks
Taconite – Iron-bearing sedimentary rock, in which the iron minerals are interlayered with quartz, chert, or carbonate
Tachylite – Form of basaltic volcanic glass
Teschenite – A silica undersaturated, analcim