Right, so both versions have pros and cons.
Bedrock is missing some features from Java. 1.17 fixed a few of these, but it's still missing some stuff. Bedrock also has the tendency to slow down and lag instead of crash. This makes it very difficult to outright kill the game, but it means that the game can be frustrating to play in laggy conditions. Bedrock is also missing the technical modding functionality of Java, making hacking very hard to do. This can be a blessing on PVP servers, but it makes anarchy servers a bit pointless. Also, you can only add custom servers on Windows 10 and mobile, and the game isn't available on Linux/MacOS. Also, while the bugs aren't rampant like they are on Java, some can make the game unplayable like the mobs separating from their own sprite crisis of 1.16.100
Bedrock's upsides include, of course, cross-platform compatible gameplay, easy multiplayer, and the fact that controllers are supported. You can play anywhere with a phone or laptop, and the system requirements are very low, only requiring 512MB of RAM to run. I play Bedrock for the Realms support, where me and a couple friends have played some very advanced worlds.
Java has a massive amount of downsides, but is well balanced in my opinion. Bugs are everywhere, but they don't make the game unplayable. They are your classic Minecraft glitches like random crashes, dupes, and X-ray bugs. Every now and then something weird will pop up, but nothing like on Bedrock. One massive downside is lack of proper Xbox Live integration. This can make the game far easier to load up and run, but basically removes easy multiplayer, requiring someone to host a server, which is very hard on RAM and CPU usage. Speaking of which, Java system requirements are hugely higher than Bedrock, and the game will not run on a lower end laptop.
The upsides include, of course, the large server community, easy modding, and the Launcher, which allows you to change versions easily and preview new features. There are also some fun world options like amplified, not available for Bedrock because of their massive RAM usage. Also, software integration is much easier. I've tried to record decently high-quality gameplay of Minecraft on my Xbox, and it didn't work at all, whereas on Java it's just a few clicks away.
Some other fringe things include redstone differences (pretty important to me but probably not you), Bedrock's floating point errors, and some fun Bedrock exclusive features like baby squid.